Classical Economics vs. Keynesian Economics Essay Example

Traditional Economics versus Keynesian Economics Essay Example Traditional Economics versus Keynesian Economics Essay Traditional Economics versus Keynesian Economics Essay Traditional Economics versus Keynesian Economics For the first run through, the more youthful ages in America who have just learned about the Great Depression saw observable expansion, extreme financial downturn and radical estimates taken by the U. S. government as the monetary emergency unfurled. With the end goal for us to comprehend what we have realized in the homerooms, we will inspect the Classical and the Keynesian schools of the monetary idea and the outlook of Mr. Ben Bernanke and the current organization. Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations of 1776 denoted the start of the Classical school of financial idea. It centers around since quite a while ago run arrangements and it’s generally striking for the possibility of the free market that can self-control and self-alter towards balance with no mediation. Another key thought is the â€Å"invisible hand† system that could move a market to its common harmony. This way of thinking is developed on a few key suppositions. In the first place, Classical business analysts expect that the costs of wages and products to be amazingly adaptable. Under this supposition, there ought to be no joblessness and the product markets ought to consistently be in balance. Second, the Classical financial matters depends on flexibly and the total creation in an economy must produce enough pay to buy all the economy’s yield. Third, the family reserve funds must equivalent to the capital venture consumptions. If there should be an occurrence of disparity, the loan fees ought to have the option to consequently reestablish harmony. As the Great Depression uncovered a few defects with the Classical financial aspects, John M. Keynes presented the Keynesian way of thinking. The Keynesian hypothesis gruffly brings up that there is no â€Å"invisible hand† which could marvelously get us out of financial troubles, and that administration intercession is basic to development and strength. Though the Classical hypothesis centers around since quite a while ago run, Keynesian hypothesis centers around short run. It additionally expresses that there will consistently be joblessness and government intercessions ought to be utilized to help the economy through unpleasant occasions. Keynesian financial matters is likewise founded on a few key suppositions. To start with, costs for wages and items are not entirely adaptable because of imperatives, for example, laws, nions, long haul wage understandings and provider contracts. Second, Keynesian financial aspects weights on request and real family discretionary cashflow. It brings up that truly, just a small amount of the family unit salary is utilized for utilization consumptions. Third, Keynesian hypothesis directs that family unit reserve funds and speculations depend on extra cash and that the motivation to put something aside for future ventures lies with the normal pace of return. Keynesian hypothesis likewise expresses that the greater part of the financial issues could be comprehended with monetary approach and money related arrangement. Now, one may ask what is our current administration’s point of view. To begin with, the administration interceded and rescued foundations that were â€Å"too large to fall flat. † Second, the legislature has been siphoning cash into the economy to make fake swelling. Third, the Fed has been utilizing money related arrangement to keep loan costs at their record-breaking low with an end goal to invigorate loaning, acquiring and purchaser spending. Considering the government’s ongoing activities, it turns out to be evident that Mr. Bernanke and the current organization are using Keynesian financial matters to resuscitate the economy.

Coronary Artery Disease Essays - Medicine, Circulatory System, RTT

Coronary Artery Disease Essays - Medicine, Circulatory System, RTT Coronary Artery Disease Understudy's Name College association Course Teacher Date Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most well-known of the known heart maladies. This illness creates when the conduits that gracefully the heart with blood, supplements and oxygen are harmed. Coronary Artery Disease is described with solidified and limited veins as consequence of the development of cholesterol and different materials known as plague in the blood vessel dividers (Wessel, 2004). Plague and cholesterol hinder the veins making it difficult for them to ship blood, supplement and even oxygen to different pieces of the body where they are required. The heart muscles neglect to get blood and oxygen and can prompt a serious cardiovascular failure or angina. In the event that this issue proceeds for quite a while, an individual can experience the ill effects of a cardiovascular breakdown as well as arrhythmias. These two conditions are deadly if not treated when they are recognized. The advancement of the coronary corridor can be a steady procedure. There are various hazard factors that are related with CAD, for example, the stature of an individual, weight, body metabolic record BMI, physical wellness, and way of life. As a rule, it begins from the youthful age and grows gradually up to the mature age. At the point when the veins are limited, they will in general grow fresh blood vessels as a method of attempting to get the blood to the heart. Notwithstanding, the mushrooming veins don't figure out how to flexibly the necessary blood to the heart. Rather, what happens is that they cause more blockage of the principle vein. In some cases, on account of increment circulatory strain, the plague delights and obstructs the blood gracefully to the heart. Coronary supply route malady is a genuine illness and can be dodged distinctly by rehearsing a sound way of life. It is the most widely recognized coronary illness in the United States influencing in excess of 15 million Americans (Borgeraas et al., 2014). In the United Kingdom, Coronary Artery Disease is the most dreaded human executioner among the known sicknesses. Over 2.3 million individuals, involving 1.4 million and 0.85 million people separately a re living CAD in the United Kingdom (Borgeraas et al., 2014). In this paper, I will give an exhaustive audit of two research papers identified with the coronary supply route infection. In each paper, I will take a gander at the speculation of the investigation, populace utilized in the exploration and the examination structure of the article. The two research papers are: Relationship of Physical Fitness versus Body Mass Index with Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Events in Women by Wessel. The other research paper that I will survey is, Genetically Determined Height and Coronary Artery Disease by Nelson et al. Relationship of the Physical Fitness versus the Body Mass Index (BMI) with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Cardio Vascular (CV) Events in Women Study speculation - The creators of this investigation theorized that there exist a connection between heftiness, midsection circuit, abdomen tallness proportion and midriff hip proportion and the physical wellness and the postmenopausal estrogen with coronary course ailment chance variables, unfavorable cardiovascular and angiographic coronary supply route illness occasions in ladies assessed for suspected myocardial ischemia (Colombo et al., 2015; Wessel, 2004). Populace Multicenter forthcoming associate investigation - 936 ladies were enlisted at four US scholastic clinical focuses at the hour of clinically showed coronary angiography (Wessel, 2004). Study Design-Among the grown-up ladies and men in the US, near 66% are overweight and furthermore more than 33% are fat, and these extents are quickly expanding. There have been past investigations that show physical action, and wellness is prescient of Cardio Vascular hazard. Notwithstanding, numerous investigations of physical action and wellness have rejected ladies with known or suspected Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). The Roles of stoutness and wellness as autonomous hazard factors for CHD and antagonistic occasions in ladies stay uncertain (Wessel, 2004). This examination was observational in nature, across four years 936 ladies were tried out this investigation. Enrollees were at first evaluated, and a follow-up was directed a month and a half after enlistment and afterward yearly. The Participants were examined concerning the event of unfavorable occasions, and on the off chance that they reacted with any antagonistic occasions doctors were connected with for affirmation, dates, and any documentation accessible (Wessel, 2004). To assess physical wellness, the

A Flood, an Ark, a Third Word I Am Missing

A Flood, an Ark, a Third Word I Am Missing Hello again, internet~ It has been a while. Well, actually, I’m on the internet everyday, so it hasn’t been that long at all. At most three hours, maybe. But as for this particular piece of the internet, I haven’t blagged since the fall semester started due to trying to get on top of everything and hopefully make academics run more smoothly this year.   So far, it’s been a lot more work already, but actually, I think I enjoy my classes and the work way more than last semesterwhich I guess means I picked the right major! (An example of some ridiculousness from one of my classes,  6.005: Elements of Software Construction) This is my first post of the academic year, so I’ll treat it as a bit of a new beginning, even though I still blogged over the summer (and all the other bloggers have been blogging a lot, too!). To returning readers, thanks for sticking around, and to new ones, I hope you’ve been enjoying yourself so far! As a recap, my name’s Selam; I’m a 2A-6 (Mechanical Engineering with Computer Science) sophomore. I’m from Colorful Colorado, with roots in my father’s nation, Ethiopia, and my mother’s, China. I consider myself both entirely Chinese and entirely Ethiopian rather than half of either (you may have two hands and two feet, I have two or three cultures!) (and also hands and feet, in case that wasn’t clear). I speak Chinese fluently; I can communicate pretty well in my dad’s regional language, Kafa Noo’no, and I know at least enough Amharic to maybe find my way home if I were lost in Addis Ababa. You’ve probably already guessed that I get excited by things like robots and engineering and sometimes, slaying one of the four horsemen of the apocalypse,  even though it isn’t my major. But I also get excited (really, really excited) by writing, social media, cultures, languages, and just people in general. Meeting people is pretty cool, both physically and virtually, so ple ase, send me emails! Last year, at the start of my admissions blogging in the spring and throughout the semester that followed, I talked/wrote/typed a lot about what it was like to be away from home, and what it was like facing real, raw feelings of failure or disappointment here at college. It was a pretty rocky road, but like climbing any mountain, now that I’ve done it once, I really do feel so much better prepared for this year and beyondand honestly, it was actually pretty fun most of the time! The most important things I gained were not necessarily academic skills or time management skills (though that definitely improved a lot too). It was the ability to separate myself from my troubles and my failures, to look at them objectively without succumbing to absolute despair. It was really hard to gain that, but also really powerfulonce you’re no longer scared of failure (because, well, it’s happened so much and so spectacularly already) you aren’t really scared of doing anything! That said, I a lso think a good lesson from freshman year could be summed up by a tumblr post I saw the other day: you can do anything, but you can’t do everything. If my previous year was about finding my “home” and facing failure, then this year, I can already see another theme of the semester taking shape, or at least an interesting tangent: Community. What is a community? This is probably the most cliche question I have ever let fall from my very own keystrokes, and doubtless, many of you applying to basically anything ever have had it asked of you in some way: how are you involved in your community, what impacts have you made on your community, how could you make your community better, and on and on. To answer these kinds of questions, you first have to ask yourself what your community is, and how you fit in it. When living at home with my parents, many of my communities were already defined for me. There’s the very obvious physical placesthe neighborhood we lived in, my school, our church. Then, there was a network of our family friends, often linked to us through Chinese or Ethiopian culture. Since all my extended family lived on other continents, many of these people were placeholder aunts and uncles and cousinsand emotionally speaking, I was just as close to many of them as my actual family members, if not closer. We spent holidays together, grieved together, and generally went through the vicissitudes of life together. When I was really little, for a long time I actually thought we were all biologically related, and was shocked to find out when I was maybe eight that “auntie”, “uncle”, “big sister”, and other words were actually just used as affectionate terms rather than literal familial bonds in both Mandarin and Amharic. Pre-defined places and communities are comfortable. They may not exactly be “your people” all the time, and when one is twelve to fifteen, might even seem horribly inane or irrational. But nonetheless, they are there, and they aren’t going anywhere, which is comfortable. In college, especially far from home, that isn’t true anymore. There is, frankly, nothing there with much certainty, and you have to find communities yourself. Last year, I lived in the lovely dorm of Simmons, whose culture I always compare to Canada (partly because there’s a GRT in it with a lot of Canadian pride). The building is very clean, the people are very nice, and it is quite large with lots of spacelike Canada. Canada is great, and so is Simmons! I really liked living there, and I also liked living inside of a piece of art, since the building is also an incredible architectural piece. (An eerily gorgeous Simmons pic from Snowpocalypse 2015; photo credits to my roommate last year, Ayesha B. 18!) This year, I moved to New House. I had planned it last year. I moved for two reasons; one was just because I wanted to experience another dorm’s culture at MIT, since there are so many and they are all so cool, and the other was that I wanted to be off the meal plan and experience cooking for myself. Simmons has a dining hall in it, so if you live there, you have to be on the meal plan. The reason I moved specifically to New House rather than another cooking dorm was that I had a lot of friends there, especially in Chocolate City, House 2, and Spanish House. I moved into House 4, thinking I’d be able to meet other people on the west side of the dormitory I didn’t know, and still be close to my friends in the first three houses. But there was no way I could have planned for the flood. Returning readers will know I like to use a lot of extended metaphorstempering iron, making porcelain, and climbing mountains are just a few. This time, I’m talking about an actual, literal flood. As in, water, pouring from everywhere and onto everything and destroying all that you love. A faulty fire sprinkler pipe burst and poured all of its reserves all over House 2, affecting houses 1, 2, and 3. Within the ridiculously short time span of an hour, a lot of students items in storage rooms were badly damaged, and the floors and walls needed intense repairs. I was very surprised over the summer when I received the email that half of New House was going to have to live in the Hyatt Hotel for all of first semester while repairs were made. Fortunately, House 4 was not affected, so I’m still living in New House proper, so to speak. Most unfortunately, everyone I knew left. Most of them did not seem particularly excited about it eitherthe hotel is not made for college students; it doe sn’t really have any community space, and they have to bring their laundry back to New House to do it. Most ironically, it was all caused by a fire sprinkler, something that’s supposed to protect against damage. There wasn’t even a fire. Well. I found myself, at the beginning of the semester, almost like a freshman all over again. I was in a place where I didn’t really know that many people, even if it was just my dormitory and I still knew people around campus. It’s a small change compared to last year; but still, I found myself thinking about it. I felt slightly uncomfortable again, in a new place where I didn’t know that many people, and I wasn’t sure what it was I was missing or I was looking for. Suddenly, maybe when I was sitting in my room watching Buffy the Vampire Slayer and feeling a little melancholy for no real reason, I realized that I fully understood, in a way I had not before, what a community wasmostly because at the time, I felt like I did not have one. I had friends, but now it felt like they were separate points, not correlated or linked in any particular way. A community is a different concept than individual friendships or relationships, because in a community, one is not necessarily close with everyone in the group, but some shared value or bond creates a feeling of mutual obligation. For example, if I were anywhere in the world, I’d be pretty excited to run into another MIT student or alumn, even if I did not know them at all, just because we share the MIT community and its various goals and values. Greek life is a type of deliberately created community. I had a pretty negative view of greek life when I first came to MIT, mostly because my impressions of it came from other colleges or the media, where I’d heard mostly of the problems with greek life rather than its benefitsspecifically fraternities. While I still think at large there are a lot of serious social issues with greek life in the US, life is definitely different on an individual scale, and so I found my perspective more diversified when my own close friends were in fraternities and sororities. In college, a lot of students are looking for social support, and greek life provides an intentional network of support. I have a better idea of why people find that concept appealing now, having been in college for a year and felt a little lost or displaced for myself. You could argue a lot about whether or not greek life is the right solution to that problem depending on exactly how it is implemented and where, but my point is, fraternities and sororities are communities that have a sole purpose, really, of being communities, and this idea makes sense to me now. MIT’s Independent Living Groups, like Pika and WILG (Women’s Independent Living Group) are other structured, off-campus communities that a lot of people join for the same reason, and without some of the connotations greek life might have. MIT is different in a lot of ways from other schools, but one of the biggest I’ve actually been able to notice from just talking to my friends at other colleges is the dorm life. Dorm communities are taken very seriously at MIT; housing is guaranteed for four years so no one is forced to move off campus, and there’s no such thing as “freshman dorms”. Each of the dorms has its own culture, and students are given the freedom to choose between them. The dorms are not only where we live, but also where people form lasting relationships with each other and support one another. All the dorms are different, and what makes New House different is that, actually, the dormitory itself is a large community composed of smaller communities. This is definitely true of other dorms as well, with different floors having different cultures, but New House’s cultural living groups are formally recognized by MIT, and require applications to enter. New House is physically divided into six towers, called “houses”. Some of them connect across and some don’t. House 1 is home to iHouse and Chocolate City. La Casa, or Spanish House, is the 2nd floor of both Houses 3 and 4. French House and German House are arranged in Houses 5 and 6 (I can’t remember exactly how) and the rest of the dormitory is regular dorm space. I live in the regular dorm space of House 4. Finally, there are all the many, many student groups on campus where you can forge and find a community. Many are professional or activity based, like Sloan Business Club or Dance Troupe, and many are cultural, like the BSU (Black Students’ Union) or MIT CSC (Chinese Students’ Club). The first week I was back at MIT, I went from setting up my room in House 4, to hanging out with my friend Kevin P. ‘18 at his fraternity, Phi Kappa Theta, where I also knew a couple of his fraternity brothers. Afterward, I went to visit a few other friends at the Nu Delta fraternity. The next day, I went to set up and run the activities midway booth for Chinese Students’ Club (CSC), after preparing many, many dumplings, and talked to a lot of the freshmen interested in joining. All the while, I observed, perhaps more closely than before, how each place or group conducted itself as a community. They all had different cultures, different structures, different markers of membership. All fraternity brothers or sorority sisters are a part of their fraternity or sorority; in a dormitory or club you have to actively want to participate in activities to really become a part of the community. I could appreciate how each of these places offered different things to different people, and what they all gained from it. By the end of the week, I was much more comfortable in my room in New House 4. After being on campus a bit longer, I remembered that actually, I was part of many communities, formal and informal, with a varying role in each of them. I met a lot more of the people in New House 4 and discovered they were all pretty awesome, and I’m glad I get to live with them. Though I’m still sad my friends are so horribly far away (like a whole six minute walk!) at Th e Hyatt, I also visited them there and hung out for a bit. Structured or unstructured, I realized the best way to find a community is to really participate, to get to know other people, to find that value or connection you might share with them. If you don’t participate, you don’t walk out into the lounge and ask your floormate’s name, you don’t go on the late-night IHop trip, you don’t take the time to do any of these things for whatever reason, then it becomes a lot harder to “find your people”, as some might say. New House 3, or NH3 (yes, they do have ammonia as their logo) has actually already had most of its repairs completed already, so you can usually find at least one of their house’s members lounging about or working in their brand new first floor kitchens at any given time of day. I honestly sometimes forget that they actually live at The Hyatt, because they’re in their kitchens all the time. Once as a group of them were headed back for the night, I heard someone say, “well, let’s go back to the ark” “The ark?” I asked curiously. “Well, yes. We all have to live in doubles at the hotel, so you know, there was a great flood, we went two by two.” They smiled at each other and we all had a good laugh about it. But I also thought about how interesting the comparison was. The reason that so many of the New House students live in the Hyatt instead of filling up other dorms is only partly due to the fact that there wouldn’t be enough space. In fact, I think if MIT really wanted to, we could find a way to cram people into each crevice of each dormitory (I mean, have you seen the forced quads in Maseeh?) or at least enough so that very few people would have to live in some sort of extra housing, like the Hyatt. Rather, the reason they all mutually came to the decision to live there is because they did not want to be separated from each other. They wanted to keep their communities together, and in their case, the communities were partly defined by physical space. And MIT actually recognized this need, working to accommodate it somehow. That should show how important it is, both to the students and the Institute, that these communities all exist. We are at an exciting, but potentially fragile ti me of life, and in a place that really doesn’t treat us very mildly. We can be incredibly smart and incredibly strong, facing academic blows with nothing but a laptop and pure grit!but we also need the space to be vulnerable, and we need people we can safely open up to. While that other,  biblical flood and ark indicated the wiping out of the world, this flood only physically wiped out a very small part of it. The residents could have easily been dispersed elsewhere. And yet, we needed the ark anyway. It was that important, keeping everyone together. (True story: agonized over this title for days before giving up and going with that.) (A Flood and an Ark just sounds like its missing something.right??) (If you have any idea of what the Third Word should be, you should totally comment it below) (because I could not figure it out) (lol) (interactive blagging?)

Definition and Examples of Non Sequiturs

A non sequitur is a  fallacy in which a conclusion does not follow logically from what preceded it. Also known as  irrelevant reason and fallacy of the consequent. As illustrated below, nonsequiturs are the products of many different kinds of errors in reasoning, including begging the question, false dilemma, ad hominem, the appeal to ignorance, and the straw man argument. Indeed, as  Steve Hindes observes in Think for Yourself  (2005), A  non sequitur  is any pretended jump in  logic  that doesnt work cleanly, perhaps because of unfounded  premises, unmentioned complicating factors, or alternative explanations, such as This war is righteous because we are French! or You will do what I say because you are my wife! The Latin expression non sequitur means it does not follow. Pronunciation: non SEK-wi-terr Examples and Observations Savannah City Manager Stephanie Cutter: We realize that it would be in the best interest of the community and our children to address the issue expeditiously. In order to make this happen, I respectfully request an eight-month payment delay calling for payment of the $10 million obligation on August 31, 2015. John Llewellyn: Warming was caused by sunspots, or fluctuations in the Earths orbit, or volcanic eruptions. Therefore it cannot be caused by mankind. The therefore is the giveaway, the delicious non sequitur: just because Earth has warmed for one or another reason in the past is no reason why it cannot warm for a completely different reason in the future. Justin E.H. Smith: Immanuel Kant, considered by many to be the greatest philosopher of the modern period, would manage to let slip what is surely the greatest non-sequitur in the history of philosophy: describing a report of something seemingly intelligent that had once been said by an African, Kant dismisses it on the grounds that this fellow was quite black from head to toe, a clear proof that what he said was stupid. Nigel Warburton: Non sequiturs are most obvious when absurd. For instance, from the facts that most cats like milk and some cats have tails I could not derive the conclusion that David Hume was the greatest British philosopher. That would be a complete non sequitur that borders on the surreal, whether or not its conclusion is true. Non sequiturs are often advertised by the spurious use of so and therefore..., but the context of a statement can also suggest that it is a conclusion derived from what has gone before even when there is no such word used to indicate it.Any formal fallacy will have a non sequitur as its conclusion, though most of these non sequiturs will be less obvious than the one above. Bill Bryson: Non sequiturs are most often encountered in newspapers, where constructions such as the following are common: Slim, of medium height, and with sharp features, Mr. Smiths technical skills are combined with strong leadership qualities (New York Times). What, we might ask, do Mr. Smiths height and features have to do with his leadership qualities? Mabel Lewis Sahakian: The difference between the post hoc and the non sequitur fallacies is that, whereas the post hoc fallacy is due to lack of a causal connection, in the non sequitur fallacy, the error is due to lack of a logical connection.

The First Atomic Bomb Of President Harry S. Truman

Walker Response Paper On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb that the world had ever seen was dropped onto Hiroshima on orders of President Harry S. Truman. Three days later, a second bomb fell onto Nagasaki. While not all may find the bombs necessary to end the war with Japan, Truman had his own reasons for causing such devastation. He wanted the fastest possible end to the war to save soldiers’ lives, many Americans, as well as his key advisor, Byrnes, wanted the â€Å"unconditional surrender† (Walker 46) of Japan, and there was hatred still harbored against the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. As Truman addressed Congress, he â€Å"reaffirmed his support for the unconditional surrender policy† (Walker 46), and was cheered for it. As the war†¦show more content†¦Truman was warned that, â€Å"to dethrone, or hang, the Emperor would cause a tremendous and violent reaction from all Japanese. Hanging of the Emperor to them would be comparable to the cru cifixion of Christ to us† (Walker 43). Truman was stuck with this decision. There was a possibility to hasten the Japanese surrender with the promise of keeping the Emperor on the throne, but the American people wanted the â€Å"unconditional† kept in surrendering. As he debated his options, soldiers continued to die, on both sides of the war. Ultimately, Truman wanted to end this war quickly as to spare both combatant and noncombatant lives. He â€Å"not only sympathized with Roosevelt’s strategy of winning the war at the lowest possible cost in American casualties on a policy level, he empathized with it on a personal level† (Walker 10), being a former soldier himself in World War I. The American people’s desire for unconditional surrender of Japanese leaders were distinctly clear. In polls of 1945, people polled in a nine-to-one margin that the United States should do what was necessary for the enemy to be â€Å"completely beaten† (Walker 46), and they also strongly supported the idea of the Emperor being punished. This weighed on Truman, as negotiating with the enemy, with the brutish Japanese to the American’s eyes, could undermine the morale of his people. The American peoples’ animosity towards the JapaneseShow MoreRelatedTruman and Atomic Bombs649 Words   |  3 Pagesare to take a side and then write an editorial on Harry S Truman’s decision to order the dropping of the atom bomb. HARRY S TRUMAN amp; THE DECISION TO ORDER THE DROPPING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB Boom! Boom! Seventy thousands Japanese citizens were perished instantly after the first atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Japanese still refused to surrender to Allied forces. On August 9, 1945, with the dropping of the second atomic bomb in Nagasaki, where eighty thousands people wereRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb1207 Words   |  5 Pagesdropping of the atomic bombs in Japan was a very helpful source for the United States during the WWII. President Truman, took the responsibility of dropping and creation of the atomic bomb. For the reason that The United States was seeking revenge on Japan for the attack at Pearl Harbor. The atomic bomb caused a high number of innocent Japanese deaths and also awful sickness. The atomic bombs left a big impact in the Japanese empire; also effected the Japanese at the time of the atomic bomb and the generationRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : A Significant Period Of Time That Molds The United States980 Words   |  4 Pag esThe Atomic Bomb in Japan President Truman, decision over booming Japan is a significant period of time that molds the United States. The crucial decision that was made on August of 1945, brought World War II to an end. While bringing the WWII to an end, it attracted a lot of debates over the use of the atomic bombs in the war. Even though the WWII has ended decades ago debates still lingers to this point. Having people in both sides of the debates, makes people wonder if the use of the first atomicRead MoreEssay on The Decision of the Century1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe Decision of the Century On August 2, 1945, Harry S. Truman made the toughest decision of his life. He knew that if he made the right decision, he would save hundreds of thousands of American lives. In making this decision, he would also be responsible for the deaths of hundreds and thousands of Japanese lives. If he made the wrong decision, the war would drudge on as the death count rose higher and higher as each new battle was fought. 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Roosevelt, in April 1945. He also ended racial segregation in the civil service and the armed forces in 1948. Which will all be covered in this topic of Harry S. Truman, also discussing his presidency, personal accomplishmentsRead MoreThe Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki The United States was completely unjustified in dropping the atomic bomb because it was used so we could have a sense of â€Å"power† over the rest of the world. President Harry Truman had paid no heed to his prior statements as to the intended use of the bomb; and not only had it violated the Hague Convention, but it also caused lifelong repercussions for Japan’s land and people. The United States, nearly 70 years later, has yet to apologize to the victims orRead MoreEssay Pres, Truman Atomic Bomb Decision1421 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Trumans Decision to drop the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki During World War II the war in Europe ended after the unconditional German surrender at General Eisenhowers Headquarters in Reims, France, May 7, 1945. After the unconditional German surrender in Europe the war shifted to Asia and the Pacific. As the war continued against Japan the Allied forces captured islands such as Iwo Jima and Okinaawa close to Japan brought the Japanese homeland within range of naval and airRead MoreUnderstanding the Decisions to Drop The Atomic Bomb Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesWorried about Nazi Germany’s technological advances earlier in the war, the United States began to research atomic energy and the possibility of creating an atomic bomb (Walker 10). When the bombs were created, the arguments for and against the use of it were gruesome, lengthy, and all understandable in some way. During the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan, President Harry S. Truman and his fellow politicians had to consider the ethical arguments provided by the scientif ic community and theRead MorePresident Truman And The Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb1280 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history there have been many important decisions made by our presidents that have affected our country for the better and for the worse. Even though people claim that they could have made better judgement calls than what have been decided, no one knows exactly what circumstances the president is under when the decisions have to be made. In the case of President Harry Truman and the dropping of the atomic bomb, many speculators say that it was a great way to resolve the war with Japan while

Cultural Differences Between The East And West Essay

Yejin You Prof. Patrick Johanson Writing 21 October 2016 Cultural differences between the east and west There is a great different between the cultures of western country and eastern country. The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole. Due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, they grew up in their own ways with few cultural exchange so cultural differences has been formed a lot. I’m going to describe the differences in three big ways. Firstly, I’m going to talk about some differences with people’s habits and ideas. Every culture has religion. In western, religion is a very much existent concept. But it’s bit different with eastern. Their society is given more importance. It can be gauged by the events related to religion that still stir societies in this part of the world. The idea of independence in its true context exists more in the western culture. As basic as children moving out of the parents’ house after a certain age which is very much common but this could be seen as blasphemous to family in eastern. Most eastern culture’s independence comes with â€Å"ifs† and â€Å"buts† or laden with various other conditions. No individual can be truly independent in the east because they regard as the family precedes related to the self. In brief, The East stands for spiritualism, the West for materialism, people of the East care more for the developmentShow MoreRelated Cultural Differences between the West and East716 Words   |  3 Pagesgoal to compare Western World, here represented by Europe and the USA, and Eastern World, represented by the Eastern and the Southeastern Asia. While most of the Eastern Asia is heavily traditional because of influence of Confucianism and Taoism, the West is more liberal and atheistic. 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The formation of Bangladeshi nationalism began with the Bengali Language movement, whichRead MoreAladdin And Orientalism : A Little Bit Of The Middle East1239 Words   |  5 Pagesthought that the movie Aladdin had more to it than just showing a little bit of the Middle East? That is because the movie Aladdin shows Orientalism in many ways. Orientalism is a canonical text of cultural studies where Said has challenged the concept of Orientalism by: the difference between east and west, the start of European colonization the Europeans came in contact with the lesser developed countries of the east and found their civilization and culture very exotic and established the science of orientalismRead MoreThe Attacks of 9/11 and the Subsequent Global War on Terror: Primordialist and Constructivist Perceptions1439 Words   |  6 Pagessee it in primordial terms? How would a primordialist and constructivist each explain these events? 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Amy Tan, as one of the renowned contemporary Chinese American writers, and alsoRead MoreButterfly : A Romantic Drama Directed By David Cronenberg1515 Words   |  7 Pagesbased on the written by David Henry Hwang on his play with the same name. Jeremy Irons and John Lone presented as the main characters of this film. The time shown in this film is from 1958, before the outbreak of the Vietnam War; across the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) until 1986, which situated in Beijing, China and Paris. Rene Gallimard as Jeremy Irons, is a diplomat at the French Embassy in Beijing, China, at a time when France and the People’s Republic of China are establishing diplomaticRead MoreResearch Paper957 Words   |  4 Pages3 Data I use data from the German Socioeconomic Panel administered annually from 1984 by the German Institute for Economic research (Wagner, Frick Schupp 2007; Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), 2017)). Starting 1991, GSOEP started including East German data. More than 10’000 individuals are resurveyed and asked a variety of questions concerning their education, employment, life satisfaction, family relations, etc. Each individual is also linked to a household, and household-specific questionnaires are

The Love of a Mother free essay sample

Different people influence our lives everyday. Friends, teachers, parents, even strangers can influence us. Some are positive to who we are as a person†¦Others, not so much. For me, the person who has had the most significant influence on me is the most important person in my life. That person is my mother. In my opinion, it’s natural for a parent to have a very significant influence on their children. But in my case, my mother has gone beyond just having an influence on me. She has made me who I am today. She has not only been an influence, but she’s raised me to have values that I treasure. My mom is a strong Christian woman. Since I was a baby, we’ve always gone to church, and she’s always taught me how to live right in the eyes of the Lord. Mom has never been overly strict, but she never let me get away with lying, stealing, or anything else society disapproves of. We will write a custom essay sample on The Love of a Mother or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because of this, I do my best to always be honest and follow any rules given to me. This has given me a positive reputation with my teachers and friends. My mother is very supportive. She always stands behind whatever I want to do, especially when it comes to my music. I’ve been performing since I was five, and she’s been to every concert and show. She loves to hear me sing, and never fails to help me when I need it. The support has impacted me in a very strong way. I don’t get nervous on stage, and I have a great amount of confidence due to her encouragement. To mom, schoolwork is extremely important. Ever since Kindergarten, she has made sure my grades are good. Luckily, I’ve never really struggled, so she didn’t have much to worry about. Without her want for me to succeed, my grades might not be as good as they are. I don’t want to disappoint her, so I always do my best. Doing my best has made me a good student, and I also excel in music. It’s gotten me into habits that make me work hard and help me to stay focused. In today’s society, people are rude, selfish, and often untrustworthy. But my mom would never allow me to have these characteristics. Instead, she made sure that I had manners, and that I was polite and friendly to everyone I meet. I say please and thank you and I usually have a smile on my face. She taught me to be selfless, much like herself. She is constantly serving other people. I strive to be that way, too. She never let me be selfish, and taught me to share and to give. Recently, I’ve become very involved in community service to try and give back to society. This is a result from my mom’s influence. Mom also taught me to be honest in everything I do. I don’t lie. Mom’s expectations for me have shaped me into a person who gets along with everyone, and avoids drama at all cost. Because of my mother, I am a better person than I ever could hope to be without her. She has taught me how to be a good person, and given me confidence through her love and support. Our relationship is far from perfect. But I love her, and she is truly an amazing woman. Her influence on me has impacted me more than anyone else, and I couldn’t be more thankful for that.

Case Study - Cineplex Essays - Loews Cineplex Entertainment

Case Study - Cineplex Company Background In 1979 Garth Drabinsky and Nathan Taylor formed Cineplex. From early on Cineplex saw itself as a niche player. They used small screens to show specialty movies and they employed this strategy not to challenge major chains, but to compliment them. Cineplex did well primarily because of their concept for carefully planned use of shared facilities. With this success they began to expand across Canada with a very rapid rate of expansion. During this expansion however they amassed a 21 million-dollar debt. Also, distributors became reluctant to supply Cineplex for fear of alienating the two largest Canadian chains. In 1983 to avoid bankruptcy, Cineplex reduced its debt by selling off some of its recently purchased assets. Darbinsky also took legal action to win back access to major releases. Son after this time he also purchased the Odeon chain so that he would be able to bid for early runs of movies. This gave Cineplex a major position in the industry. Through Darthbinsky's relentless tactics Cineplex Odeon was the second largest motion picture chain with 1,800 screens in over 500 locations. Now that Darthinsky owned one of North America's major theater chains he sought to change the movie going experience by changing the layout and atmosphere of the theaters to attract even more moviegoers. Drabinsky endeavored to use the size of his chain to obtain added clout with film studious and distributors. Drabinsky had no plans to slow his companies' rapid pace of expansion and he extended Cineplex Odeon's production activities through other branches of the entertainment industry. His unrelenting drive for growth placed tremendous pressure on the company's finances. As doubt grew about the financial health of Cineplex Odeon, Drabinsky reputation as a brilliant strategist was gradually subject to increased scrutiny. He realized his weaning support and ho sought to gain control by buying a large stake in the company. MCA, one of the controlling stockholders, blocked this successfully and forced Darbinsky from his leadership position with the company. When Darbinsky left he left a company carrying a massive $655 million dollar debt. Alan Karp assumed the leadership role and immediately began to cut costs and divest some of Cineplex Odeon's assets. He also took steps to increased concession revenues. In a short amount of time Karp was successful in cutting the debt by ? and was able to switch back to more of a strategic focus. He began to show interest in further growth. As of 1995 Cineplex Odeon reported a loss of $30 million for the 1st 6 months of the year. These numbers started to raise concerns about Karp's ability to turn things around. His attempt to merge with a major chain failed a few months earlier. Although the merger was called off Karp remained enthusiastic about the potential of the company. Analysis Financial I would rate their current financial condition as fair to poor. Return on Total Assets ? not significant Current Ratio ? .22891 (very poor) Long-term debt to equity ratio ? 81.85 Many of their financial ratios are significantly insignificant with profits being negative. SWOT Potential Resource Strengths 1. 85% percent of the company's U.S screens were in the top 15 U.S. markets, while 75% of its Canadian screens were in the top 10 Canadian Markets. 2. Cineplex recently spent $57.5 million in refurbishment and construction of new theaters. This included introducing DTS sound systems in many of its locations. 3. Now embraced a strategy of cautious growth and more sound financial management. 4. With its relatively large size Cineplex could use some muscle to get first run movies and demand bigger revenue splitting. 5. Had very strong concession sales. Potential Resource Weaknesses 1. Seemed to have no clear strategy or business plan ? at one point Karp stated ?that he had not even begun to consider what strategic benefits Seagram might bring to Cineplex?, something he should have been looking at. 2. Fair to poor financial condition with in the company. Weak balance sheet and excess debt. 3. History of overaggressive expansion ? weary shareholders and stakeholders may prevent or slow future mergers or acquisitions. Potential Company Opportunities 1. Alliances or mergers to expand coverage. Karp believed Cineplex was capable of running a theater chain twice as big. 2. The international exhibition business. 3. Case Study - Cineplex Essays - Loews Cineplex Entertainment Case Study - Cineplex Company Background In 1979 Garth Drabinsky and Nathan Taylor formed Cineplex. From early on Cineplex saw itself as a niche player. They used small screens to show specialty movies and they employed this strategy not to challenge major chains, but to compliment them. Cineplex did well primarily because of their concept for carefully planned use of shared facilities. With this success they began to expand across Canada with a very rapid rate of expansion. During this expansion however they amassed a 21 million-dollar debt. Also, distributors became reluctant to supply Cineplex for fear of alienating the two largest Canadian chains. In 1983 to avoid bankruptcy, Cineplex reduced its debt by selling off some of its recently purchased assets. Darbinsky also took legal action to win back access to major releases. Son after this time he also purchased the Odeon chain so that he would be able to bid for early runs of movies. This gave Cineplex a major position in the industry. Through Darthbinsky's relentless tactics Cineplex Odeon was the second largest motion picture chain with 1,800 screens in over 500 locations. Now that Darthinsky owned one of North America's major theater chains he sought to change the movie going experience by changing the layout and atmosphere of the theaters to attract even more moviegoers. Drabinsky endeavored to use the size of his chain to obtain added clout with film studious and distributors. Drabinsky had no plans to slow his companies' rapid pace of expansion and he extended Cineplex Odeon's production activities through other branches of the entertainment industry. His unrelenting drive for growth placed tremendous pressure on the company's finances. As doubt grew about the financial health of Cineplex Odeon, Drabinsky reputation as a brilliant strategist was gradually subject to increased scrutiny. He realized his weaning support and ho sought to gain control by buying a large stake in the company. MCA, one of the controlling stockholders, blocked this successfully and forced Darbinsky from his leadership position with the company. When Darbinsky left he left a company carrying a massive $655 million dollar debt. Alan Karp assumed the leadership role and immediately began to cut costs and divest some of Cineplex Odeon's assets. He also took steps to increased concession revenues. In a short amount of time Karp was successful in cutting the debt by ? and was able to switch back to more of a strategic focus. He began to show interest in further growth. As of 1995 Cineplex Odeon reported a loss of $30 million for the 1st 6 months of the year. These numbers started to raise concerns about Karp's ability to turn things around. His attempt to merge with a major chain failed a few months earlier. Although the merger was called off Karp remained enthusiastic about the potential of the company. Analysis Financial I would rate their current financial condition as fair to poor. Return on Total Assets ? not significant Current Ratio ? .22891 (very poor) Long-term debt to equity ratio ? 81.85 Many of their financial ratios are significantly insignificant with profits being negative. SWOT Potential Resource Strengths 1. 85% percent of the company's U.S screens were in the top 15 U.S. markets, while 75% of its Canadian screens were in the top 10 Canadian Markets. 2. Cineplex recently spent $57.5 million in refurbishment and construction of new theaters. This included introducing DTS sound systems in many of its locations. 3. Now embraced a strategy of cautious growth and more sound financial management. 4. With its relatively large size Cineplex could use some muscle to get first run movies and demand bigger revenue splitting. 5. Had very strong concession sales. Potential Resource Weaknesses 1. Seemed to have no clear strategy or business plan ? at one point Karp stated ?that he had not even begun to consider what strategic benefits Seagram might bring to Cineplex?, something he should have been looking at. 2. Fair to poor financial condition with in the company. Weak balance sheet and excess debt. 3. History of overaggressive expansion ? weary shareholders and stakeholders may prevent or slow future mergers or acquisitions. Potential Company Opportunities 1. Alliances or mergers to expand coverage. Karp believed Cineplex was capable of running a theater chain twice as big. 2. The international exhibition business. 3.

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Essays - Ahmedabad, Free Essays

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Essays - Ahmedabad, Free Essays Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Press Note AHMEDABAD - SMART CITY Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) has started preparation of its Smart City Proposal for Stage 2 of the Smart City challenge. Ahmedabad had been selected as one of the 100 cities in Stage 1 of the challenge and will be competing to be in the list of top 20 cities selected in the first year of the challenge. Other cities from Gujarat to appear among the top 100 are Gandhinagar, Vadodara, Surat, Rajkot and Dahod. Cities judged to have the best proposals will receive funding under the smart city program in the first year of the challenge while the remaining cities will have the chance to compete again next year. AMC seeks active citizen consultation in the formulation of its smart city vision, mission and plan and would be inviting suggestions through social media, direct consultations and various forums shortly. Citizens are encouraged to participate in the process of achieving the vision of a smarter Ahmedabad by sharing their views and aspirations from a Smart City. In the initial stage, an online survey would be floated to gauge the major issues and citizen suggestions towards a Smart Ahmedabad. These would include opinions and comments on the current status of the city as well as suggestions on potential service improvements and citizen expectations. AMC is also considering competitions such as logo design and tagline contests for Ahmedabad Smart City with prizes to be given to the winning entries. Citizen inputs would be instrumental in creation of a smart city vision and plan for Ahmedabad. Further, multiple rounds of citizen engagement would be undertaken to focus on vision creation, co-creating solutions and finalization of city plans through various competitions, focus group discussions, discussions on citizen engagement platforms such as MyGov.in and direct consultations through public meetings, workshops, etc. Based on citizen inputs, AMC would devise area-based and pan-city initiatives to be incorporated in the smart city proposal. Specific solutions would be identified and citizen views would be sought in the second round of citizen engagement. Finally, citizen engagement would be held to gather feedback on the unique solutions identified towards making Ahmedabad a smart city. Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation has appointed Feedback Infra Private Limited, one of the leading integrated infrastructure services companies in India, to assist in the formulation of its Smart City Proposal. The firm is currently conducting a baseline survey of the city in consultation with various municipal departments. Winning the Smart City Challenge would provide a significant impetus to the next phase of city development and towards the goal of a Smart Ahmedabad. Citizen of the Ahmedabad are requested to provide their valuable suggession and feedback for the preparation of Smart city Proposal. The Suggession/Feedback forms are availabel on official website of Ahmedabad Municiapal Corporation (www.ahmedabadcity.gov.in) and social media pages. Municipal Commissioner

BIO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

BIO - Essay Example For example, research reveals that the soil is mostly polluted by release of heavy metals by vehicles. It occurs is a number of ways such as fluid leakage, combustion and corrosion of metals. Another issue is marine and coastal pollution. These causes of this problem are human activities, oil spills and sewage (Aslam et al. 316). The third issue is the development of artificial islands; it has been a big concern to environmentalist because of impacts on marine life. The artificial islands in Dubai are likely to damage the growth of reefs and affect native habitat. Additionally, material used to construct the islands affect the water; the water gets dirty (Butler). The UAE is well aware of the mentioned issues, and they are working together with international agencies to curb such issues. Companies operating quarries are regulated by Dubai Municipality. The municipality also measures the quality of air throughout UAE. Pollution from automobiles will be reduced by introduction of cleaner compressed gas. The gas will be available for trucks, buses, and taxis that have been the main contributors to air pollution (Mills). Aslam Junaid, Khan Saeed Ahmad and Khan Sheba Haque. â€Å"Heavy metals contamination in roadside soil near different traffic signals in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.† Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 17 (2013): 315–319.

Rhetorical analysis Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical analysis - Annotated Bibliography Example He asserted that it was the role of the government to take responsibility of keeping children and adults safe and directed the authorities to play their roles effectively. He directed the ownership of assault weapons should be banned so as to reduce the probability of gun violence occurrence (Paulson, retrieved from http://www.examiner.com/article/obama-s-speech-on-gun-control-and-gun-violence-america-video) . He also said that capping ammunition should be limited to ten rounds and banned armor-piercing ammunition. The president insisted that all schools should have resource officers and more police officers to be on the streets. He authorized that gun trafficking punishment be increased in a bid to reduce its occurrence. Obama advised the attacked school to organize counseling programs for the students so that they would recover from the tremor. The president presented a series of twenty-three actions that would ensure that gun violence is curbed. Obama insisted that the actions would not be implementable without the support of the public and hence called for collaboration between the Americans and the involved administrations. He urged people to contribute their ideas on controlling gun violence and direct the police to areas where â€Å"gun worship† is strong. Obama said that the white house was pushing for laws to limit gun ownership that groups like the National Rifle Association have been pulling back (Paulson, retrieved from http://www.examiner.com/article/obama-s-speech-on-gun-control-and-gun-violence-america-video). He reiterated that Americans had to propose for a vote on whether to allow some people keep guns and advised that the only correct hands to hold guns were the police. Obama promised that his government was going to follow up all cases of gun violence and ensure that all those who commit gun violen ce are brought to book and punished accordingly. However, Obama

History Of The William Colgate Company

History Of The William Colgate Company William Colgate Company was started in 1806. William Colgate was a maker of soap and candle by himself. The firm began selling bars in regular weights in the 1840s. The company was well-run as Colgate Company under the managing of his son, Samuel Colgate after the death of William Colgate. His son Colgate introduced a perfumed soap in 1872, by the name of Cashmere Bouquet and then in 1873 the firm introduced toothpaste, aromatic toothpaste sold in jars. In 1908 they initiated mass selling of toothpaste in tubes. In 1898, In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the B.J. Johnson Company was manufacturing a soap wholly of palm and olive oil, the technique of which was urbanized by B.J. Johnson. The soap was well-liked a sufficient amount to rename their corporation after it Palmolive. At the go round of the century Palmolive, which enclosed both palm and olive oils, was the worlds best-selling soap. A Kansas based soap manufacturer known as the Peet Brothers merged with Palmolive to become Palmolive-Peet. In 1928, Palmolive-Peet bought the Colgate Company to generate the Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Company. In 1953 Peet was dropped from the label, send-off only Colgate-Palmolive Company, the existing name. Colgate-Palmolive has extended been in fierce opposition with Procter Gamble, the worlds largest soap and detergent maker. PG introduced its Tide laundry detergent shortly after World War II, and thousands of consumers turned from Colgates soaps. When PG started putting fluoride in its toothpaste after that the Colgate lost its figure one place in the toothpaste market. In the commencement of television, Colgate-Palmolive wished to compete with Procter Gamble as a sponsor of soap operas. The company sponsored many events in part; they were for the most part famous for being the full sponsor of the entertainment in installments The Doctors. George Henry Leach was president, CEO, and chairman of the board of Colgate-Palmolive in the 1960s and 1970s, and during that time transformed it into a modern company with major restructuring. In 2006, Colgate-Palmolive announced the intended acquisition of Toms of Maine, a leading maker of natural toothpaste, for US $100M. Toms of Maine was founded by Tom Chappell in 1970. Today, Colgate has frequent subsidiary organizations with a leg on each side of 200 countries, but it is publicly scheduled in only two, the United States and India. The company built a status around the world as a successful company with the highest moral values. all the way through alive our values of Caring, Global Teamwork, and Continuous perfection, and adhering to the uppermost principles of honesty, admiration, and concern for the environment, we seek to: make available safe and quality products of value to consumers raise shareholder value Offer opportunities for personal and professional growth to all Colgate people Fulfill our corporate social responsibilities as a member of the global community Products: Around the world, people like you trust our family of brands to care for the ones they love. Toothbrushes and toothpastes to bar soap, household cleaners, every day our products get better the quality of life for consumers global. Toothpastes Sparkle Tooth Brushes New Palmolive Naturals Azadi Carbolic Soap Protex Max Bar Azadi Dish Bar Max Scourers Max Liquid Max Antibacterial Brite Total Express Power Bonus Colgate-Palmolives Mission Statement Our three fundamental values-Caring, Global Teamwork and Continuous Improvement-are part of everything we do. Caring The Company cares about people: Colgate people, customers, shareholders and business partners. Colgate is committed to act with compassion, integrity and honesty in all situations, to listen with respect to others and to value differences. The Company is also committed to protect the global environment and to enhance the communities where Colgate people live and work. Global Teamwork All Colgate people are part of a global team, committed to working together across countries and throughout the world. Only by sharing ideas, technologies and talents can the Company achieve and sustain profitable growth. Continuous Improvement Colgate is committed to getting better every day in all it does, as individuals and as teams. By better understanding consumers and customers expectations and continuously working to innovate and improve products, services and processes, Colgate will become the best. EXTERNAL FACTORS EFFECTIVE CHANGE: The weighted score of the EFE matrix comes out to be 2.67 which show that Colgate can take advantage of the profitable opportunities that the market is offering, to overcome the external threats. The highest weights in the external opportunities are given to new product development and the implementation of ERP which means automated system for supply chain management. Colgate is not yet into a large variety of personal care products and since people are becoming more fashion and hygiene conscious these days Colgate can enter into a much profitable market of products categories like shampoo, face wash, body wash, liquid hand wash, shower gel etc. Its major rivals in the personal care category namely Unilever and Lux are already manufacturing these products but Colgate with its large capital base can enter these markets easily and can increase the length of their Personal Care product line and become more profitable. The other major opportunity is that Colgate can fully automate their supply chain. Colgate is in fact planning to take advantage of this opportunity and is pursuing a strategy by the name of ERP (SAP) which will make whole supply chain automated. All local and foreign suppliers of Colgate will have their systems integrated with the Companys MIS (Management Information System) where they can take orders, check inventory levels, bargain prices. Awareness among the rural population has also increased over the past decade and some part of the population is shifting from miswak and home-made cleaning soaps to tooth pastes liquid and powdered soaps. There is also a large gap in the tooth brush market which means that Colgate Palmolive is far ahead in the tooth brush market as compared to its major rivals and can further increase this gap with more innovations. The major threat to the company is the increasing prices of raw material and energy which is mainly due to the inflation in the country. The suppliers are constantly demanding price increases and the company has to negotiate prices with them on a regular basis. Moreover the energy and fuel prices are also rising, as a result of which Colgate has to bear high cost of operations. Being a low-cost producer, it is a major threat to the company. Apart from this, the political situations are also causing major threats to the company. Post December 27, 2008 80% of Colgate factories in Kotri were burnt out which caused huge losses to the company. INERNAL FACTOR FOR EFFECTIVE CHANGE: The weighted score from the IFE comes out to be 2.96 which shows that the company has enormous strengthens to overcome its weaknesses. The highest weightage is given to the biggest strength that Colgate has, which is, that it is the market leader in Surface care category with 90% market share. Besides that it has cooling crystal patent in its tooth pastes as no other brand has cooling crystal ingredients in its tooth pastes. This particular strength gives it a competitive advantage over its close rivals like Medicam and English toothpaste (Filicetti, John). Another major strength of Colgate Palmolive is its good leadership that has been contributing to the companys success. The strategic objectives of the company are clearly defined and communicated throughout the company. Employees commitment is also a major contributing factor, there are no layoffs and people are committed to working hard consistently. Moreover, with high profits they pay their employees good salaries too and also carry out training programs at different managerial levels. Despite the current economic threats Colgate has managed to keep its share price at an above average level in the industry. Currently its share is trading in the market at Rs. 850. The major weakness of Colgate is that it is not utilizing IT Systems to the optimum level. In this fast moving world, with cut-throat competition it is a major weakness of a company which does not have proper MIS systems installed. It doesnt have a separate IT department either. Besides that there are no e-commerce facilities available to customers who buy in bulk. Another weakness is that Colgate Palmolive is not exporting its products to other countries. Colgate has subsidiaries in many countries but they are more profitable than CP because they export to other countries. If CP overcomes this weakness and start exporting to even in just a few countries it can earn high margins (Filicetti, John). PRIMARY ACTIVITIES COST INBOUND LOGISTICS: CP has efficient MIS systems that link their suppliers raw material with the firm production processes (Moore, E.R). OPERATIONS: CP has efficient plants installed that reduce manufacturing costs. Previously they had machines that used to take one day to switch from the manufacturing of one kind of product to the other. But currently the plants and machines that they have are much more cost effective and efficient. It takes only 30 minutes to switch from one product ma manufacturing to the other (Moore, E.R). DISTRIBUTION AND OUTBOUND LOGISTICS: CP has accurate and responsive order processing procedures. The delivery of raw material to the manufacturers and the delivery of final products to the various departmental stores like Aghas, Makro, Naheed etc is made on time (Moore, E.R). SALES AND MARKETING: CP has a highly trained sales force. They carry out various awareness programs in which they visit different localities with their sales team along with doctors who make people and especially children ( incase of Oral care products ), aware of the importance of hygiene. In this way CP has always strive to improve the quality of life. There products are not priced very high. Products are priced in a way that generates sales volume. CP spends a lot on advertising and television commercials (Sergiovanni, T.J). SERVICES: CP provides a help desk to its customers. They can write their comments and complaints directly to the colgate Palmolive. Colgate usually offers a free medical checkup for all at various schools, exhibitions and hospitals. CP is thus performing corporate socially responsibility (Moore, E.R) support activities and cost FIRM INFRASTRUCTURE: CP has a professional and strong infrastructure. Every manager in various department has to report to the GM of his department and the GM then report to the director. M.D is the person who is the head of the colgate Palmolive. The firm processes are made in such a way that it has helped the company to reduce its cost. Employee commitement has always been there. The culture is adaptive and professional. CP has a strong relationship with its suppliers (Moore, E.R). HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: CP value their employees commitment. Thats why they dont have any layoffs. Their employees are loyal to the company. They carry out training programs that further groom employees. CP also conducts management trainee programs in which they recruit fresh graduates and provide them training in almost all departments so as to make that individual well familiar with the organization (Sergiovanni, T.J). TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT: CP has investments in technologies but they still need to automate their supply chain in order to become more cost effective. Apart from that they are also not utilizing E-commerce facilities to the optimum level which can give them a huge cost reduction (Moore, E.R). PROCUREMENT: CP has systems and procedures installed through which they contact their local and foreign suppliers who are all CP Approved. They negotiate prices and place orders through these systems (Moore, E.R). COLGATE PALMOLIVES LOW-COST PROVIDER STARTEGY: CP has a large and efficient distribution network. Its distribution channels are located all over Pakistan (Moore, E.R) It caters to a broad customer base. It has developed itself in almost all the categories which are associated with customers on the daily basis. Colgate pursues low cost strategy. Its plant is automated. Only one plant is used for the manufacturing of three different detergents like bonus, express, brite The whole process is repeated for each of the detergent. By automating the plant, CP is able to save a lot of cost. CP value delivery network does not have any delays in it which helps CP to save cost. CP targets all segment, it has products for the lower class, middle class and the upper class. Its pricing is done accordingly. It has cost leadership in the detergent and the surface care category CP forecasting is very accurate which helps them to reduce cost because if estimated are accurate then it helps the company to avail cost advantages CP is allowed to deviate only 5% from its forecast both upwards and downwards CP has concentrated more on process efficiencies CP has access to large capital that is required to make significant investment. CP never compromises on the development expenditure. It is always ready to improve its production processes. Being a low cost producer it helps CP to better compete to its rivals. Being the low cost producer it has helped CP to insulate themselves from powerful suppliers who nowadays demand increasing prices due to rising inflation. Being he low cost producer, it has also helped to attract powerful buyers whom CP sells directly like MAKRO, DMART, IMITAZ, AGHAS, and NAHEED etc (Moore, E.R). Economic Factor The overall economy of the country is showing a stable growth. Therefore this industry is also showing a growth of 10%. But the inflation is growing rapidly which is not a good sign for the new entrants. Change in the interest rate also affects the industry. Hence the new entrants are also threatened by the increasing interest rates. Economic factors do influence the bargaining power of buyers as inflation is the major factor that is affecting the consumers hard. Economic factors do not affect the availability of substitutes. But since inflation is growing, so it is hard for the poor people to switch to more modern products like washing powder, tooth paste. They would rather prefer oil to clean their clothes and use miswak to brush their teeth. Economic factors do have an affect on the bargaining power of suppliers as inflation is rising fast. Suppliers demand that they would provide the necessary raw material at a higher price. Exchange rate fluctuations also affect the cost of raw material. Economic factors do affect the rivalry among the competitors as all the players in the industry want to have cost leadership. The economic factors are favoring intense competition from the last five years. People have more money at their disposal. Also Pakistan is a consumption oriented society (Hiatt, Jeff.). Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) STRATEGY 1 STRATEGY 2 Weights AS TAS AS TAS STRENGTHS Market leader in surface care with 90% market share 0.15 Good Leadership 0.06 Employee commitment 0.12 3 0.36 2 0.24 Cooling crystal patent 0.1 Accurate forecast with respect to demand 0.07 4 0.28 2 0.14 High EPS 0.08 3 0.24 2 0.16 Strong advertisement and promotional campaign 0.08 2 0.16 3 0.24 WEAKNESSES IT not used optimally 0.13 4 0.52 2 0.26 No ecommerce 0.1 3 0.3 2 0.26 No proper use of forward integration 0.05 2 0.1 3 0.15 They are not exporting their products to other countries 0.06 1 OPPORTUNITIES Exploring into new categories like shampoo, hand wash , body wash, shower gel 0.14 2 0.28 4 0.56 Rural population switching from miswak to toothpaste 0.06 Gap in tooth brush market 0.08 2 0.16 3 0.24 Implementation of ERP(SAP) 0.14 4 0.56 2 0.28 People becoming hygiene and beauty conscious 0.1 2 0.2 3 0.3 No layoffs 0.07 THREATS(T) Raw material and energy prices are increasing 0.12 3 0.36 2 0.24 Inflation in the country 0.07 3 0.21 2 0.14 Competitors re launching their products 0.1 2 0.2 3 0.3 Competitors increasing their marketing budgets 0.06 2 0.12 3 0.18 Unstable law and order conditions. 0.06 1 TOTAL 4.05 3.69 Rivalry among existing competitors Yes (+) No (-) The industry is growing rapidly. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ The industry is not cyclical with intermittent overcapacity. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ The fixed costs of the business are relatively low portion of total costs. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ There are significant product differences and brand identities between the competitors. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ The competitors are diversified rather than specialized. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ It would not be hard to get out of this business because there are no specialized skills and facilities or long-term contract commitments etc. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ My customers would incur significant costs in switching to a competitor. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ My product is complex and requires a detailed understanding on the part of my customer. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ My competitors are all of approximately the same size as I am. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ INTERPRETATION: Threat of competitors is high because the product is not unique as there are no product differences. Same products are available with all competitors like Unilever, Procter and Gamble, Shield, Oral B. Therefore rivalry is also increasing as demand in the economy has also increased for the last 5 to years. Majority of the competitors are MNCs which means that they have the necessary resource and skill (Hiatt, Jeff). Government Factors: Government regulations do have an affect on the rivalry among the competitors. Political factors: Political factors do not affect the rivalry among the competitors Economic factors Economic factors do affect the rivalry among the competitors as all the players in the industry want to have cost leadership. The economic factors are favoring intense competition from the last five years. People have more money at their disposal. Also Pakistan is a consumption oriented society (Hiatt, Jeff). Social trends Social trends have changed, buyer are more aware of their purchases. So the players in the industry are always trying hard to increase their market share (Hiatt, Jeff). Technological change Technology is helping the companies to gain a competitive advantage over their rivals. Also research and development plays an important role in this (Hiatt, Jeff). KEY SUCCESS ACTORS FOR COMPETIVE SUCCESS Low cost production efficiency. CP has plants installed that take only 30 minutes for the plant to shift from the production of one product to the other. High quality manufacturing of products with very few defects. A strong network of wholesale distributors. Gaining ample space on retailer shelves. (Examples Naheed, Aghas, Makro and other small shops.) Attractive packaging and styling. Good length of product lines. Attractive commercials and advertising. Good reputation in the industry along with favorable reputation with buyers. Market penetration Colgate can do market penetration by increasing its advertising, people always associate Colgate with tooth paste and have no awareness that it produces personal and surface care products as well. They should show their logo on all its products so that people know the producers and this will increase customer loyalty and also when people will come to know that Colgate is the producer then new customers will also buy the product (Hiatt, Jeff). They should also increase their promotion efforts by going to school and doing health awareness programs, also they should go to residential areas and make women aware of their surface care and fabric care products such as max, bonus and express etc Product development: Colgate can also do product development by introducing new features in their already existing brands. They can improve their tooth brush quality and features by introducing flexi tooth brushes for special oral care. Also they can introduce whitening features in their feature in their tooth paste; different colors of tooth paste can also be introduced to attract the kinds market. In their fabric care they can introduce in special features of protecting the color of the cloth while washing and also whitening enhancing surfs to give a good shine to while clothes (Hiatt, Jeff). develop systems to involve appropriate stakeholders in the introduction of change SIX THINGS REQUIRED TO EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENTING A STRATEGY According to Porter, to implement a strategy effectively six things should be followed: Create a formal plan: Distributor Quantity Item Price Negotiation, Inventory Reporting, Stock Details, Payment Terms HR Module Inventory / Store Create a multifunctional team: To effectively implement ERP, Colgate must first hire an independent resource firm. Acquire licensing for SAP Implementation. Establish an independent IT unit for the monitoring of ERP. This department will coordinate with all the other departments (Robbins S, Mukerji). Communication of strategy: inside and outside: All employees in the company should be made aware of the new automated system. Each employee must be provided a minimal insight of SAP but those employees who have to work on SAP the most should ofcourse be provided with proper training course of SAP. These include: Factory Manager Manager accounts Warehouse Manager Distribution team Consumer insight department Outside the company the strategy to implement ERP should be communicated properly to all the local and foreign suppliers of Colgate Palmolive (Hagberg). Consistency over time: As Information Technology is progressing day by day, new changes in ERP are expected after certain time periods. Therefore it would become very important for Colgate to cope up with the changes in the software. For this purpose it would need to update it employees by providing training whenever any change takes place in SAP (Hagberg). Use proper measurements: Other measures, not just financial measures would be required to test whether the system is working properly. These measures include: Whether the system is accurately forecasting demand, sales, price changes Whether or not there are any deviations in the actual versus projected sales Effectiveness of the internal processes after the strategy implementation (Robbins S, Mukerji). Test the strategy: Ask employees and senior management in all departments whether they are satisfied with the new system of working. Talk to suppliers and distributors whether they want any more improvements in the new system of working (Hagberg). KEY DRIVING FORCES Industry growth: Now most of the people have knowledge about the different products and its advantages. The intense competition in industry and high demand enables the new entrants to compete in this market (Hagberg). Product innovation: Innovation in product, as Colgate has just introduced Max fresh in which the coolant crystals are present which none of the competitors has adopted yet. There is also room in innovation in washing detergents (Hagberg). Changing societal concerns, attitudes and lifestyle: Since social issues are really effecting the use of product just like the use of Miswak which is the Islamic mode of cleaning the teeth (Hagberg). Use of E-commerce and Internet: Usage of online ordering and maintaining the stock level through e-commerce can be driving force in the industry. By using that they can provide products to customer which is value addition for them (Hagberg). This report is purely based on the finding from the Colgate expert and the secondary data analysis, and the reason for writing the whole report is to find the obstacle / hindrance a business men face and how the organization can minimize it through implementing the different strategies and analysis. The whole report research draws attention to  the fact that any problem can be eliminate if proper investigation and consideration can be observed the success is easy to get, Pakistan market is mature market and the competition is tough here because most of the customer is price conscious and act like butterflies, so targeting this kind of customer is quite difficult, but on the other hand it can be managed if the you can understand the market effectively and efficiently (Robbins S, Mukerji). Hiatt, Jeff. HYPERLINK http://www.change-management.com/tutorial-definition-history.htmThe definition and history of change managementHYPERLINK http://www.change-management.com/tutorial-definition-history.htm. http://www.change-management.com/tutorial-definition-history.htm. Filicetti, John (August 20, 2007). HYPERLINK http://www.pmhut.com/pmo-and-project-management-dictionaryProject Management DictionaryHYPERLINK http://www.pmhut.com/pmo-and-project-management-dictionary Moore, E.R., (accessed 1 April, 2001), Creating Organizational Cultures: An Ethnographic Study, Eastern Academy of Management Virtual Proceedings, Moore, E.R., (accessed 1 April, 2001), Creating Organizational Cultures: An Ethnographic Study, Eastern Academy of Management Virtual Proceedings, , R. Ph.D. Heifetz, D.Ph., 2000 (accessed 4 April, 2001), Corporate HagbergCulture/Organisational Culture: UnderJerryding and Assessment, Robbins S, Mukerji D (1994). Managing organisations. Prentice Hall of Australia, McPhersons Printing Group, Australia. Sergiovanni, T.J. (1984) Educational Leadership, Leadership and excellence in schooling, Volume 41, Number 5, United States of America, page 4-13 Kent State University 2000 (accessed 28thMarch, 2001), Kent State University Cultural Self-Study Internal Communication of Change By Dagmar Recklies Circling the Pyramid Building Lasting Commitment to Change  Ã‚   (pdf-file) by Edmond Mellina What Makes a Good Change Agent? by Dagmar Recklies The Role of the Change Master From Change Agent to HYPERLINK http://www.themanager.org/Strategy/Change Master.htmHYPERLINK http://www.themanager.org/Strategy/Change Master.htmChange MasterHYPERLINK http://www.themanager.org/Strategy/Change Master.htm By Ruth Tearle Managing Change Definition and Phases in Change Processes by Oliver Recklies Problems in Managing Change by Oliver Recklies AuditNet.org provides a downloadable PDF of change management best practices. Fred Nickols wrote HYPERLINK http://home.att.net/~nickols/change.htmHYPERLINK http://home.att.net/~nickols/change.htmChange Management 101: A Primer.HYPERLINK http://home.att.net/~nickols/change.htm SearchCRM.com provides resources on handling change management following a CRM upgrade. Neglecting your change control process can kill an IT disaster recovery plan.

The Character of Macbeth from Macbeth Essay example -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth from Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth we find a guilt and fear-ridden usurper of the throne of Scotland. Let us study this character in this essay.    A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy paints a portrait of Macbeth:    Macbeth, the cousin of a King mild, just, and beloved, but now too old to lead his army, is introduced to us as a general of extraordinary prowess, who has covered himself with glory in putting down a rebellion and repelling the invasion of a foreign army. In these conflicts he showed great personal courage, a quality which he continues to display throughout the drama in regard to all plain dangers. It is difficult to be sure of his customary demeanour, for in the play we see him either in what appears to be an exceptional relation to his wife, or else in the throes of remorse and desperation; but from his behaviour during his journey home after the war, from his later conversations with Lady Macbeth, and from his language to the murderers of Banquo and to others, we imagine him as a great warrior, somewhat masterful, rough and abrupt, a man to inspire some fear and much admiration. (322)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson tells how the audience is inclined to identify with such a rogue as Macbeth:    That such a man should sacrifice all the wealth of his human spirit - his kindness, his love, his very soul - to become a victim to continual fears, a tyrant ruthlessly murdering in the vain attempt to feel safe, finally to be killed like a foul beast of prey - this is terrible, and pitiful, too. Shakespeare has here achieved for us most poignantly the ambivalence of the tragic effect Aristotle described. We see the ne... ... Samuel. The Plays of Shakespeare. N.p.: n.p.. 1765. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY: Routledge, 1990.    Kemble, Fanny. "Lady Macbeth." Macmillan's Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Lamb, Charles. On the Tragedies of Shakespeare. N.p.: n.p.. 1811. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY: Routledge, 1990.    Mack, Maynard. Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Declaration of the Rights of Men and of Citizens Essay

The Declaration of The Rights of Man and of Citizens begins with a clear stipulation of intrinsic freedom and equality in every man. Equality, therefore, seems to be an appropriate place to begin. The Declaration defines our equality in relation to our rights, such that we are all born with the same entitlements and among them the right to perpetuate such rights throughout our lives. Each and every one of us is entitled to the expression of the will of a community (which, according to Rousseau, is the collective will of the constituent individuals). In a similar light, the law is to regard each individual without bias; performing its duty of punishment or protection as justice sees fit. The sixth section of the declaration states that: â€Å"All being equal in its sight, are equally eligible to all honours, places and employments, according to their different abilities, without any other distinction than that created by their virtues and talents.† Effectually, this levels the metaphorical playing field, rightly empowers the skilful and the able while ensuring men are distinguished not by the colour of their skin, nor by their religion and neither by their wealth – but by their merits and abilities. Unfortunately that has never been so. There are a plethora of sordid historical examples that contravene section VI. The apartheid, holocaust and slave trade are amongst the many historical events that have grossly violated the former section. Nepotism, racism, sexism and segregation still ail society and contribute to its atrophic senescence. One audacious claim is that every man is innocent, until proven guilty by the law. The present Catholic Church disagrees, believing than everyone is born  with the burden of original sin. It is not the only body that believes in immediate guilt, many states (including China) adopt a judicial system, which operates on a contrary principle: that every man is guilty until proven innocent by the law. UNRESTRAINED COMMUNICATION Each individual is entitled to his own opinions, their expression and their communication (regardless of content and context). The Declaration explicitly iterates that this is a man’s most â€Å"precious right† and can only be annulled when it threatens the public order. The law establishes the threat. How exactly can you abuse the right of free speech? Who has the right to decide when freedom of speech is abused? A state may act unjustly towards the expression of politically or religiously sensitive opinions, as they may rouse widespread criticism and lead to an imbalance of governing power and authority. However, is it within the law’s rights to place the right to freedom of speech below its own interests? Such controversy is faced in places such as China and Russia. However, the uproar provoked by Julian Assange and Edward Snowden prove that the West cannot lay claims to an unmarred reputation of moral conduct. Individual intrinsic equality is never defined with autonomy, since it is always bordered by the canons of the law. The Declaration seems to state that the power of the law transcends the rights of man, as it may decide what is within and excluded from such rights. It is given the power to distinguish and determine. LAW The Declaration defines the primary duty of the law as an â€Å"expression of the will of the community† and that the law should only â€Å"[prohibit actions that are hurtful to society]†. It decrees, â€Å"what is not prohibited by the law, should not be hindered† and â€Å"the law ought to impose no other penalties but  such as are absolutely and evidently necessary†. The law is detailed as the decision-making faculty in society, it has the power to imprison, accuse, arrest, apprehend and (the two most important powers) to determine the extent at which one man may secure the liberal exercise of his own rights and to establish when public order is breached or threatened. So who deems what is â€Å"absolutely and evidently necessary†? Who holds the reins to the law? Shouldn’t the law be separate from the normal man, should it not occupy a different order of sovereignty? What gives another man the power to wield the scales of the law, is he superior to any other man that he may decide his counterpart’s fate? Who has the prerogative to empower another man with the sword and shield of the law? According to the declaration, â€Å"all citizens have a right†¦either personally, or by their representatives, in its formation†. So the populace, by right, has power over the law, which in turn, by right, has power over the populace. Ideally, this ascertains the equality of power. A cyclic system where the law changes with the people and adjusts itself accordingly as the essence of man itself changes; where any change in the attitudes of the people is reflected in a change in the law. Equilibrium is, therefore, maintained and this allows elasticity and exposes duality in the expression of power. This is by no means a moral system. By this definition, the law is as fickle as man and serves as an inadequate canon, an imitation canon to reassure us that we are a moral and just society. Though the Declaration implores the equal distribution of law, all being equal in its sight, it has managed to allow the atrocities committed in the past. The witch hunts, slave trade, oppression of women, exploitation of children and the inquisition are merely a few events where the latter section of the clause (â€Å"[the law] should be the same to all†) has been unpardonably violated. Is this the fault of the people? No, the fault lies with the educated  lawmakers, the â€Å"representatives†. REPRESENTATIVE The Declaration mentions lawmakers (or â€Å"representatives†) and their sole duty to express the will of the citizen. They are effectively the mouthpiece of the populace and are crucial for succinct communication between power and the people. In modern society, this role is prevalent in the majority of democratic states in the form of: Members of Parliament in the UK, Senators in the US and LegCo members in Hong Kong. Unfortunately, the representative role can be held responsible for neglecting its duties and promulgating laws in favour of the upper echelons of society throughout history. The Church is one of the main perpetrators, abusing its influence and power to serve its own needs or requirements. It can be held directly responsible for the frenzied witch-hunts, the inquisition and the violent reformation, which are some of the darkest events in history. Wealthy plantation owners all over the world perpetuated the slave trade, since their operations were extremely labour intensive and extensively profit orientated. Plantations could not profit if workers were to be paid and treated fairly; therefore requiring underpaid and exploitable workers. Since the role of a representative is conventionally a caste specific role, it is nearly impossible for a member of the â€Å"people† to ascend to this position. Therefore the role of a lawmaker is somewhat disconnected from the people and is, perhaps, inadvertently stifling the voice of the people. The representative has, of course, the same (equal) rights of the people and therefore is entitled to ambition. Though their duty is to represent and express the will of the people, it is – rather understandably – second only to their personal desires and demands. Self-satisfaction is ingrained within every single complex organism on this planet, so it is only natural to pursue your own interests and seek your own ends. However, those with power (and above all representatives and lawmakers) have  the means to meet their ends. The mere possession of power is corruptive and addictive. Those in the upper classes of society will, at the very least, strive to remain in the rung they nestle in; fearing a relegation to a lower status. Many will desire to advance and climb further from the people and manipulate the resources available to them in order to do so. Yet, it is the privileged that possess such resources or have access to certain opportunities that allow them to advance and the unprivileged that don’t, thereby consolidating caste preservation and setting the cyclic nature of disparity in place. This is where the voice of the people is lost in transmission. This is evident in the American taxation scheme, where the wealthy benefit from certain policies that permits income to be classified otherwise and thereby avoiding the maximum rate of taxation. The Republican Party immortalizes these policies, as it contributes to their socio-economic preservation. What seems not to be apparent is that there is no need to abuse power. The correct expression of power and fair distribution can only bring about what the Declaration suggests: a level playing field. It would encourage a Darwinian model of progression, where the socio-economic advance and preservation of an individual is reliant on performance, ability, talent, skill and virtue. COMMON CONTRIBUTION It is necessary, according to the declaration, for a common contribution. This is for the â€Å"support of the public force, and for defraying the other expenses of government†. The declaration states that this common contribution ought to be â€Å"divided equally† amongst all â€Å"according to their abilities†. The former of the statements still rings true today and is the only thing reputed to be certain (apart from death). The latter stipulation, regrettably, has not. Internationally most citizens are taxed on their income, on the goods they  purchase and the money they inherit. Yet no system of taxation is truly fair, as the law affords disproportionate contribution and means of evading certain taxation. This is most evident in America, where many high net worth investors pay a smaller percentage of their income than their middle class, working counterparts. This is achieved through exploiting the capital gains tax and the carried interest tax. As a result of such exploitation, Warren Buffet only paid a combined tax rate of 17.4% in 2010, where less affluent Americans contributed up to 45% of their income to the government. The declaration stipulates that â€Å"common contribution† should be divided â€Å"equally among members of the community according to their abilities†. A merit and ability based taxation scheme is fair and just. So how should a population be taxed (if they are to be taxed on ability)? Taxing on the basis of income seems not to work. Perhaps the rate of tax should be varied by age or perhaps determined by occupation (seeing as occupation is decided by ability). A problem that arises is that this would discourage hard work and penalize success. Thus resulting in a population hesitant to use their abilities and work to their full capacity.